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Newly Discovered Super Smash Bros. Melee Technique Turns Link Into A Rocket https://ift.tt/2yr7011 Super Smash Bros. Melee turns 17 years old next month, but that doesn’t mean the game has been completely solved. Sure, there’s an upper echelon of competitors who you can count on to win just about any tournament they enter, but there are also Melee players like Joseph “Savestate” El-Khouri grinding out new techniques for their characters of choice. His latest allows Link to blast off like a rocket using his own bombs. Savestate started playing Super Smash Bros. Melee competitively in early 2015, and he has since gone on to become a prominent figure in the North Carolina community thanks to his work as both a stylish player and founder of smash.LIVE, the region’s preeminent streaming outfit. He remains devoted to Link, a low-tier character that sits at 18th in the current and most widely accepted power rankings, and he’s determined to prove the Legend the Zelda protagonist can hang with the big dogs in serious competition. This drive has resulted in Savestate discovering a number of noteworthy strategies for Link, the most recent being a technique he’s dubbed “The Bomb Rocket.”
As with most Super Smash Bros. Melee techniques, the explanation for why this occurs can get a little wonky, but Savestate was helpful in explaining what makes this “simple” trick work via direct messages to Kotaku. According to him, the above video depicts Link’s ability to stack two different types of velocities—knockback velocity from the bomb blast, and character velocity from The Hero of Time’s own movement—in order to launch himself upwards at tremendous speed. This particular quirk of the Melee physics engine can be seen through other attacks, but Link is unique in that he can self-impose the rocketing movement and thus use it at will. “Just about every [technique] in Super Smash Bros. Melee can be used in a tournament setting, in my opinion,” Savestate told Kotaku when asked about this particular strategy’s viability in competition. “The game is special in that you have a lot more breathing room than other fighting games to try strange or unorthodox tactics that aren’t ‘good’ on their own, but contextually, can be a surprise that gives the performer a situational advantage.” Savestate provided three separate situations where this would be useful due to the time it takes to set up. First, it could be used when facing a Peach or Jigglypuff player with a penchant for floating near the top of the screen. It could also be a “rare mixup” (that is to say, a technique that forces your opponent to guess your next move) that combines an intentionally dropped ground tech and the bomb’s hitstun. Lastly, it could work as a strategy in a doubles match that would allow Link to continue a teammate’s combo after they send an opponent skyward. This has all been an overly technical way of making two things clear. The first is that, despite its age, Super Smash Bros. Melee remains a hotbed of discovery. And second, players like Savestate are still grinding out relatively weak characters to find new morsels of potential hidden behind almost two decades of competition and presumption. Does the Bomb Rocket make Link a character capable of facing Fox or Marth on even footing? Probably not, but Savestate’s discoveries have gone a long way towards making the scene’s understanding of Melee more complete as the game continues to be a force in the competitive fighting game community. Ian Walker loves fighting games and writing about them. You can find him on Twitter at @iantothemax. Digital Trends via Gizmodo https://gizmodo.com October 24, 2018 at 11:15AM
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Wednesday's Best Deals: SanDisk, Cuisinart Cookware, Eddie Bauer, and More https://ift.tt/2Ar6zoK Eneloop batteries, a SanDisk sale, and the Philips OneBlade lead off Wednesday’s best deals from around the web. Bookmark Kinja Deals and follow us on Twitter and Facebook, or sign up for our newsletter to never miss a deal.
Best Tech DealsIf you own a Nintendo Switch or USB-C-powered laptop, a USB-C Power Delivery battery pack is a must. Anker just came out with a brand new one, and you can save $26 today with promo code POWERPD6. Advertisement First, the basics. It’s 19,000mAh, includes two PowerIQ USB charging ports, and a 27W USB-C port that can charge a 12" MacBook at nearly full speed, or a MacBook Pro a bit slower. And unlike most of Anker’s competitors’ batteries, it also includes a 30W USB-C PD wall charger in the box that can recharge the battery in 3.5 hours, and double as an extra wall charger for your other gadgets. That’s all well and good, but the PowerCore+ 19000 PD Hybrid has one more trick up its sleeve, one we haven’t seen on any other battery pack: It doubles as a USB data transfer hub. Just switch it into hub mode, and those USB-A charging ports become data ports that can transfer data between your PC and any connected USB hard drives and flash drives. That makes it the most comically large USB-C dongle in the world, but even so, that’s a handy skill, and means you’ll have one less thing to pack when you travel. There’s no such thing as having too much storage, so stock up on hard drives, flash drives, and SD cards of all types from today’s SanDisk Gold Box. Advertisement Just as a warning, I’d skip the 64GB Nintendo-branded microSD card, as it costs almost as much as 128GB cards these days. The Extreme microSD cards are faster than most with 160 MB/s read speeds, and while that could come in handy for 4K videography and the like, it won’t make much of a difference for your Nintendo Switch load times. Elsewhere in the sale, you’ll find solid deals on external hard drives (including a 6TB G-Drive), SSDs, flash drives, and more. A few favorites are listed below, but head over to Amazon to see the rest. Update: Back in stock! We’ve seen this deal a couple of times over the last few weeks, and it always sells out within hours. Advertisement $48 for a Logitech Harmony remote is a great deal on its face, but the real reason to buy this model is the included Harmony Home Hub. The Hub allows you to use your iPhone, Android device, or even an Amazon Echo to control everything a Harmony remote can (which is basically any piece of home theater gear you can think of). So even when you inevitably lose the included remote behind the couch cushions, you’ll still have multiple ways to take control of all of your home theater gear. Considering the hub alone sells for $70 right now, getting the hub plus a remote for $48 is an unbelievable deal. You’ve probably heard a lot about mechanical keyboards in the past few years, and one of the best models on the market is on sale right now. Advertisement Most mechanical keyboards are marketed towards gamers, but Das Keyboards are a typist’s dream. Their newest, the Das Keyboard 4, is down to $145 right now with Windows keycaps, or $149 with Mac keycaps, about $24 and $20 less then usual, respectively. If you want to start collecting Eneloop batteries (and you should), the best place to start is the 4-pack of AAs with a charger, and you can get it for just $16 right now, a couple bucks less than usual, and within a few cents of the best price we’ve seen all year. At $80, Anker’s new Roav Jump Starter Pro isn’t the cheapest car jump starter we’ve seen, but its 800A of peak output mean it can start pretty much any engine, up to 6L for a gas vehicle, or 3L for diesel. If you don’t buy own of these, you’ll probably be kicking yourself somewhere down the road (pun intended) when you’re stranded in your driveway with somewhere to be. Advertisement This being an Anker product, you’ll also find two high speed USB charging ports, plus a flashlight that doubles as an SOS strobe. There’s also a compass, because why not? A monitor shelf can raise your display to a more ergonomic height, and give you back some valuable desk space in the process. This one’s nothing fancy, but you can adjust its height, and it’s only $14 today with promo code 9N4RMQ5Y. Whether you’re getting a brand new Apple Watch today, or just want to accessorize your old one, this Milanese loop band is a great deal at $5, with promo code OE3N9LSH. That should work on any color and size, so you can match your watch’s color, or create a nice contrast. Just when you thought you had car chargers pegged, Anker went out and made the smartest one you’ve ever seen. Advertisement Similar to the Nonda Zus, the Roav by Anker SmartCharge Spectrum connects to your phone over Bluetooth while you drive. When you turn the car off and the Bluetooth connection breaks, the Roav app will mark down your parking location on a map, so you can find your way back. Perhaps more usefully, every time you start your car, the SmartCharge will also log the health of your car battery, so you can track its charge over time from your phone, and get a replacement ready before you get stranded in your office parking garage on a Friday evening. Those features alone (along with Quick Charge 3.0 charging) would make this worth $16 (with promo code BGREXLF6), but it does have one last trick up its sleeve: A customizable accent light. The LED ring around the USB ports can display 16,000 different colors, and you can choose your favorite from the app to make it perfectly match (or stand out from) your car’s own dashboard lighting. Range extenders aren’t a cure-all for networking issues, but if there’s one corner of your home that just can’t get a good signal from your router, they can be the right tool for the job. This entry-level 802.11n model from TP-Link is just $18 today, if you want to give it a try. Need more storage space for your action cam, dash cam, tablet, or Nintendo Switch? This 128GB card from SanDisk is down to its best price ever right now. RAVPower’s HyperAir Qi charging pad is one of the few models out there to support the fastest-possible 7.5W iPhone charging, and you can get it for just $20 today with promo code KINJA887. Advertisement To be clear, there are a lot of Qi pads that support 10W charging for certain Android devices, but iPhones require a very specific frequency to enable their maximum charging speed of 7.5W, and this is one of the most affordable compatible pads we’ve seen, and the cheapest we’ve seen with the necessary Quick Charge 3.0 power adapter included. It’s normally priced at $30; today’s $22 list price itself is an aberration, but still, don’t forget the code! VPNs have been in the news, and whether you want to get around video geoblocks, circumvent proxy filters, or just keep prying eyes out of your browsing data while using sketchy public Wi-Fi, reader-favorite Private Internet Access has a deal to fit your needs. Advertisement Private Internet Access doesn’t do much in the way of discounting, but they offer exclusive pricing and packages just for our readers that you won’t find anywhere else. Here are your options, and what you’d pay if you bought the same plan elsewhere:
These deals are only for our readers, but we aren’t sure how long they’ll be available, so go ahead and sign up while you can. Best Home DealsHigh-quality cookware sets will set you back a pretty penny, but this copper Cuisinart one has a lot to offer at a good price. Available today on Amazon for $199, it’s $100 cheaper than what it goes for elsewhere. Advertisement This 8-piecer includes all the pot and pan fundamentals: a saucepan, a saute pan, a stock pot and two skillets. And while the interiors are stainless steal, the copper exterior does more than just look sharp on your stovetop — the material eliminates hotspots, while the Tri-Ply construction allows for optimal temperature control. You might have a bathroom scale at home that works just fine for weighing luggage when you’re leaving town, but this hanging scale is small enough to take with you, so you can make sure you won’t get dinged for all of those heavy souvenirs on your return trip. All it has to do is save you from an overweight baggage fee once, and it will have paid for itself several times over. This Big Joe “bean bag” is big enough to share, and it’s never been cheaper than it is right now. It probably won’t end up in your living room anytime soon, but it’s a killer addition to a game room/basement/man cave. And in terms of comfort and noise, forget what you think you know about bean bags: this one’s filled with soft and silent shredded memory foam. Heading out of town and want to deter thieves, or just want to wake up to a well-lit house? This programmable light switch turns any built-in light into a smart light for $26, the best price of the year. Looking to get some trendy mid-century modern look without spending a fortune? Amazon is looking out for you by discounting a ton of their Rivet and Stone and Beam furniture, for a limited time. Advertisement Note: There are actually two sale links with two different groups of products. Why? I couldn’t tell you, but be sure to check out both: Link 1 | Link 2 Over 70 products are included in this sale (between the two links), ranging from mirrors and lamps all the way to a full sized couch. You know that person that always has a knife handy when something needs cutting? That person is respected by all. And that person could be you with this Ka-Bar folding knife, now marked down to an all-time low $33, for Prime members only. You need dishwasher detergent anyway, so you might as well buy it on sale. While supplies last, Amazon’s offering a 20% coupon on this 82-pack bag of Finish Quantum tabs, bringing it down to $13 when you combine it with Subscribe & Save, or about $.15 per load. AmazonBasics makes pretty much everything at this point, and generally speaking, it’s a brand you can count on to be affordable and of good quality. While Amazon runs discounts on individual AmazonBasics products with some regularity, a whole bunch of it is on sale right now. Advertisement A few favorites are below, but dozens of other products are included, so head over to Amazon to see the full list. Firstleaf is an online wine club that learns your preferences, offers tons of options, and most importantly, saves you money compared to buying from the store. It’s a solid deal any time, but it’s even better for our readers today. Advertisement Every new Firstleaf member gets an introductory delivery with three bottles of wine for just $15, plus $5 shipping. Considering that you aren’t locked in and can cancel any time, that’s a bargain. But it gets even better for our readers, as promo code Kinja will waive the $5 shipping charge, for a limited time. That’s three bottles of wine (all of mine had MSRPs over $20) for just $5 each shipped, with no commitment. You can read more about the service in my review, but if you choose to remain a member (I did), every box thereafter includes six bottles for $80, plus $10 shipping. Best Lifestyle DealsThe Philips OneBlade is easily our top-selling shaving product ever, partially thanks to two I bought for myself, and whether you’re new to the OneBlade ecosystem, or just want to upgrade, the OneBlade Pro is cheaper than ever today. Compared to the original OneBlade, which included three separate length combs, the Pro upgrades to a single comb with 14 different length settings, which justifies the price premium on its own, if you ask me. It also upgrades the battery to longer-lasting and faster-charging ithium-ion, and displays the remaining battery percentage on a screen. Advertisement If you already own a OneBlade, here’s my advice. Move your current OneBlade into a toiletry bag for traveling so you never forget it on a trip, and then buy this to use at home. $60 is a full $20 less than usual, and an absolute steal. Well this is about the easiest sale to get behind. Eddie Bauer is taking 50% off just about everything (with promo code SPECIAL) during the company’s Friends & Family sale, and they’re doing it right as the weather’s turning cold. That’s impeccable timing considering they’re best known as the company that patented the first quilt down jacket. Shop men’s, women’s and even gear to stock up on everything you need for the winter, from base layers and flannels, to parkas and shells, it’s all* 50% off. Note: Excludes sleeping bags, tents, and non Eddie Bauer-brand products. If you wore out the treads of your running shoes when the weather was warmer, you can slip on a new pair today from Adidas for 30% off with promo code RUNNING. That code should work on over 60 pairs listed on this page, including both serious running shoes as well as shoes that look more like casual sneakers. It’s the best time of year to go outside, and with REI Outlet’s 25% off sale, it’s a great time to update your fall hiking wardrobe. The sale is limited to five brands, but they’re good ones: Merrell, Columbia, prAna, Black Diamond & Dakine. All told, there are over 700 discounts available, so dive in. These sales end tomorrow. Note: Discount shown at checkout. At 3,500 running watts (4,000 surge), this Sportsman generator could damn near power your entire house, or the most high-tech tailgate party on the planet, and it can be yours for $239 today from Walmart, which is about as cheap as you’ll ever see a generator this powerful. Advertisement Onboard, you get four 120V outlets, plus an RV outlet if you want to power your camper. As they say, when it rains, it pours. That sentiment can also be applied to Alice + Whittles rain boots: When they go on sale, they really go on sale. The “Classic Olive + Black” and “Minimalist Navy” iterations of their quintessential, functional-yet-chic ankle boots are available right now for just $65 plus free shipping — that’s 59% off their original price of $160 — through October 26. Now, don’t rain on your own parade; get these limited edition pairs ASAP, or risk being hung out to dry. If you think adding yet another brush to your grooming routine is superfluous, think again. While a hair brush might transform your mane into a lustrous cascade of flowing locks, this dry brush will do the same — but to your entire body. On sale for just $6 over at Amazon, this fine specimen’s natural bristles will exfoliate your skin into its glowiest possible state by improving circulation and sloughing off those pesky dead skin cells. Plus, the polished wood and neutral linen strap will look good in your bathroom. Now that’s luxury. Nordstrom Rack just got a bunch of new styles in from Nordstrom proper, and it’s all up to 60% off over 5,000 styles, for a limited time. As always, use the sidebar to sort through the deluge by type of clothing, and you can also browse the available brands from a dropdown on top. Advertisement A bunch of stuff in here starts under $20, so go get your fall wardrobe in order on the cheap. Best Media DealsLove to read but don’t have the time to sit down and actually read a book? Sign up for Amazon’s audiobook service, Audible, during this extended trial offer for Prime members. Advertisement For a limited time, Prime members can get three months of the service for free, rather than the typical one-month trial. That entitles you to a new book of your choice each month, plus two free Audible originals of your choice. Plus, every book you choose is yours to keep, even if you cancel. The offer is available to new subscribers only. Note: After the three month trial ends, you’ll automatically be charged $15 per month, so be sure to cancel if you don’t like it. Back in 2009, The AV Club named a 2005 episode of HBO’s Rome one of the best TV episodes of the decade. If you missed it the first time or need a refresher after these 12 years, you can get this complete series Blu-ray box set for just $25, which is the best price we’ve ever seen. The Expanse was io9's favorite TV show of 2016, and the book that inspired the first season is just $3 on Kindle right now. iTunes gift card discounts are noticeably less common than they used to be, so if you need more credit for apps, music, movies, iCloud storage, or anything else, buy a $100 gift card from eBay for 15% off, while supplies last. Best Gaming Deals$9 is less than you’d spend on a lot of basic, standard sized mouse pads. But today, that gets you a massive 2.5' x 1' model that can accommodate your keyboard as well. So luxurious! Just be sure to use promo code FJ26JS93 at checkout to get the deal. Final Fantasy XV is one of the top-selling video games in Kinja Deals history, and you can get the Royal Edition, which includes all of the season pass content, for an all-time low $25 right now on Amazon. If you’ve been struggling to get your hands on a spare NES Classic controller, Amazon has them in stock for $10. We’ve seen it recently listed as an add-on item, but right now, it’s just a standard Prime-eligible item. Still don’t have an NES Classic? Walmart has them in stock for $60.
God of War is pretty spectacular, and if you still haven’t grabbed a copy for your PS4, Amazon’s marked the game down to $40. It’s temporarily out of stock, but you should be able to order it, and get it shipped once Amazon has more copies. So what are you still doing here? I’ve come to terms with the fact that I’ll never get a Victory Royale, but I might just win at Fortnite Monopoly, now on sale for $16. This isn’t just a skin over standard Monopoly rules; it’s a totally new game:
Just remember that if you want to emote, you’ll have to learn the dance moves yourself. Advertisement If Mario Kart is more your speed, its Monopoly adaptation is also on sale for $14. It changes the game with boost pads, banana peels, and gold coins, but it doesn’t include a blue shell mechanic, which may or may not be a good thing. Sony’s original PS4 Gold headset was already our readers’ favorite gaming headset, and the new model is lighter, more durable, and frankly, better looking. Like the old one though, it’ll still immerse you in 7.1 surround sound, and doesn’t need a clunky boom mic to pick up your voice either. Advertisement This debuted late last year for $100, and $71 is the best price we’ve seen to date. Red Dead Redemption 2 pulls into station this week, and you can take in all the natural splendor by playing it on a PS4 Pro . This console bundle doesn’t have a unique design like the recent Spider-Man console did, which may be a good or bad thing, depending on your preferences. But what it does have is the game, essentially for free with the purchase of the $399 console. TechStorage
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Digital Trends via Gizmodo https://gizmodo.com October 24, 2018 at 10:57AM
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OnePlus commits to releasing a 5G phone in 2019 https://ift.tt/2PorWiG OnePlus has made its mark with a measured approach. The company has shied away from big, flashy features, in favor of offering well-rounded, budget devices. That’s changed a bit over the past year. Take the upcoming 6T, which is rumored to be among the first to sport an in-screen fingerprint reader — one of the first times the technology is set to be available in the U.S. Or the fact that cofounder Carl Pei recently promised to deliver a 5G handset in 2019. Unlike other features, however, you can’t really accuse 5G of being a flash in the pan here. Though there’s plenty of ramp up time. Sure, lots of companies have been talking around the technology, and Motorola kind of, sort of delivered something in the form of the Z3, which will offer the cellular technology in the future via Mod. But OnePlus promising to deliver a full-on 5G sporting handset puts the company ahead of the curve here. There are still lots of questions — including how such technology will impact that the handset’s bottom line. After all, the OnePlus 6 came with a $529 starting price, which has long been a big part of the company’s growing appeal. Meantime, it’s got a new, non-5G phone launching next week, just ahead of a big product launch for another tech company the following day. Digital Trends via TechCrunch https://techcrunch.com October 24, 2018 at 10:34AM
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Apple might launch a Netflix competitor around the world in 2019 https://ift.tt/2PinVMJ Rumors of a streaming TV service from Apple have been bubbling for years, including a planned live TV streaming service that would compete with the likes of Sling TV, but that was reportedly shelved in 2015. That doesn’t mean that Apple has given up, as the service is reported to be planning a streaming TV service that is more similar to Netflix and Amazon Prime Video. It appears that the company is attacking this project with the same gusto with which it approaches its hardware and software offerings, as three sources speaking to The Information said that while the service will launch first in the U.S., it will expand to more than 100 countries just a few months after launch. This sort of global rollout is normally reserved for Apple’s tentpole products like the iPhone, which could speak to how seriously the company is taking this service. If the sources are to be believed, we don’t have long to wait either, as they say that the service will launch in the first half of 2019. Apple has already been taking steps in this direction with its original programming, which it currently releases via Apple Music, like Carpool Karaoke and Planet of the Apps. For future programming, it has signed a multi-year deal with Oprah Winfrey, ordered a space drama from Battlestar Galactica reboot creator Ron Moore, and is reportedly planning an adaptation of Isaac Asimov’s novel Foundation, among other projects. The company reportedly has strict rules about what it shows, restricting sex, violence, and drug use, among other things. Those aren’t the only restrictions that Apple may impose on its new service. This streaming TV service will reportedly only be available on Apple’s own devices like iPhones, iPads, and the Apple TV. This would be quite a severe handicap, given the wide variety of platforms on which its competitors are available, but this could also be a temporary measure to help the service withstand the growing pains that are often part of the launch of these types of services. For its part, Apple has yet to issue any official statement, but that is par for the course when it comes to the company, which always remains tight-lipped about any unannounced product. There is an outside chance this new service could be a “one more thing” announcement at its event on October 30, but for now, this service remains a rumor, albeit an interesting one.
Digital Trends via Digital Trends https://ift.tt/2p4eJdC October 24, 2018 at 10:30AM
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Jennair breaks boundaries to redefine luxury with Noir and Rise kitchen designs https://ift.tt/2JeuydM Luxury appliance manufacturer Jennair wants to rock your world, or at least your kitchen. Jennair hopes to inspire you to personalize your cooking environment with its edgy design styles, Rise and Noir, each with newly enhanced digital features. When Jennair releases an appliance design line, the company goes beyond current trends like matte finishes or new stainless steel exterior color choices. The latest Jennair launch stresses art and design, as did last spring’s leather column refrigerator announcement. If the Rise and Noir appliance appearances surprise or even startle you, Jennair’s designers will be proud — just so long as you don’t hate the looks. The Rise and Noir designs are available now for custom order in Jennair showrooms. Both lines include full suites of appliances including column-style and built-in refrigerators, ranges, rangetops, wall ovens, cooktops, dishwashers, and wine centers. Personalize your dream kitchenJennair’s news release and the accompanying images highlight the new design elements rather than individual appliance models. Stressing the new lines owners’ opportunity to personalize their environments, Jennair showed the appliances in dream kitchen settings. You’ve got the lookJennair presented the Rise and Noir ranges and rangetops images with black backgrounds and highlighted professional and techno elements. It’s not much of a leap to picture Darth Vader leaning over the griddle on the Rise range. The Noir line’s column refrigerator images are especially dramatic, showing off the appliance’s gray interior. Digital appliance features“For owners, JennAir integrates seamlessly into their digital lives, powered by an uncompromising mobile experience to deliver the meaningful, custom interactions consumers deserve from true luxury products.” From Jennair’s words to your eyes, the previous statement from the launch news release captures four elements the company espouses: mobility, uncompromising experience, interaction, and luxury. The Noir and Rise appliances utilize a mobile app and a new Jennair Epicenter, the company’s customer support service. The appliances connect to Wi-Fi and can also work with Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant-enabled devices. New Jennair digital features include remote access and control, recipes, monthly appliance usage, maintenance status reports, and automatic dishwashing supply reordering when you sync the dishwasher to your Amazon account, and one-touch support. Kitchen-centric smart homes give appliance manufacturers nearly free rein to integrate digital features you never knew you needed but may come to consider necessities. Jennair strives to go beyond the functional elements of kitchen appliances with “distinctive luxury kitchen appliances that push form and function to transform spaces.” Inviting consumers to connect with a “badass call agent at the Jennair Epicenter,” here’s how the company lays out its mission statement: “With exceptional performance, masterful execution and provocative design, JennAir offerings are powerful, yet bespoke to individual tastes, shattering norms to deliver the progress that today’s luxury consumer deserves.”
Digital Trends via Digital Trends https://ift.tt/2p4eJdC October 24, 2018 at 10:30AM
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The Sailors Who Hunt Garbage for Science https://ift.tt/2SfMKry
Extreme Field WorkA series about how science gets done in Earth's weirdest, wildest environments, from the bottom of the ocean to erupting volcanoes.
Emily Penn had a mission: To find a piece of trash in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch large enough to stick a satellite transmitter on so that researchers back on shore could track it until a vessel came to pick it up. Partway through the three-week, all-women’s sailing trip Penn was leading from Hawaii to Vancouver, she found her garbage. A tangle of fishing nets and rope had gathered a collection of bottles, buoys, and even a chair, a mat of detritus that contains some of the estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of garbage roaming the North Pacific gyre. The accumulated trash operates as a mini ecosystem with little fish nibbling at the algae growing on it. It also comes complete with apex predators. “Sharks are... attracted to these piece of debris because they know they’re going to find some food there,” Penn said, explaining that fearsome predators show up to nosh on smaller fish that show up to nosh on algae. And so it was that Penn herself wound up diving into the trash-laden, potentially shark-infested waters to tag it. Anna Strang, the crew’s first mate, dove in after and kept watch for any toothy visitors, doing frequent 360-degree scans of the rich blue waters. Anything for science. Penn is one of the founders of Exxpedition, a running series of all-women’s research trips aboard a 72-foot sailboat called Sea Dragon. The crew consists of seasoned sailors and scientists as well as volunteers with no sailing or science experience who want to know more about the proliferation of plastic on the high seas. The goal of their trips? To improve our understanding of plastic pollution in our seas and our bodies, with the hope of cleaning these entwined messes up before we poison ourselves to death. Humans have produced an estimated 8.3 billion tons of plastic junk since the 1950s. About three-quarters of it has been tossed in the garbage, and much of that has ended up in the ocean where animals ocean chow down on it and die. Those that don’t die pass all sorts of chemicals up the food chain, some of which may eventually wind up on your dinner plate. Chemicals found in plastic include potential endocrine disruptions, which mess with brain development and fertility. But more research needs to be done on these health impacts for humans, as well as how plastic moves through the ocean and the food chain. That’s where Exxpedition comes in.
“There’s basically quite a few links there that we now know between the chemicals that are in our bodies and the negative health impacts,” Penn said. “So we really wanted to investigate where those chemicals were coming from and what impact this pollution might be having.” The three-week Pacific trip was the eleventh research cruise Exxpedition has undertaken since its first trip across the Atlantic in 2014. Other trips have covered the waters of the Arctic as well as the Amazon, the Great Lakes, and the Caribbean in a testament to how far-flung the plastic pollution problem is. While swimming in shark-infested waters is about as hardcore as it gets for any trip, Penn said they face a host of challenges while doing their research, which consists not only of tagging plastic to track it but collecting samples for chemical analysis. The sailing itself provides an added challenge, especially when faced with occasionally strong storms. Penn said the boat frequently tips to a sickening 40 degree keel. Michelle Byle, a packaging designer who was on the North Pacific trip, told Earther this is accurate and then some. “I joked about sailing be a full body contact sport,” Byle, who had never been on a boat before being accepted to Exxpedition, said. “Up on deck, it’s obvious when waves are coming. When you’re down below making dinner, you get thrown around a bit. Some days initially it was like ‘this is fun,’ but then you’re like ‘oh my goodness, this doesn’t stop.’” Until it does. The gyre that contains the garbage patch is where trade winds go to die, meaning sailors need to chart a course very carefully to ensure they have enough wind (or fuel) to get out of the doldrums. Penn, who is a licensed skipper, said it’s then a question of managing fuel reserves so you’re not stuck out at sea. The close quarters and limited supplies also mean that everything must be planned for. “We had to take care of the sailboat,” Carol Devine, an author and humanitarian worker, told Earther about her trip with Exxpedition circumnavigating part of Great Britain last year. “It was a microcosm.” On most trips, the women use what’s called a manta trawl to sample the ocean. It looks a bit like a manta ray with a net that gets deployed from the front or alongside of a boat. The net can trap detritus without stirring the ocean up too much, and then that detritus can be sifted to figure out what’s plastic and what’s fish scales or other organic matter much the same way you can pan for gold. Some pieces of plastic are catalogued on board in a mini lab, while others are brought back to shore for further analysis. On the way out to the patch, Byle said groups of four were on watch for other boats and debris, rotating on for four hours and off for eight. But that changed when they reached their research destination. “It was all hands on deck whenever we were doing science, ” she said. It takes hours to deploy the trawl and skim bits of plastic off the surface, and then more painstaking hours to go through the aforementioned sifting process. Separating the tiny particles gave Byle firsthand insights into how plastic works its way up the food chain. “As a designer, I have good attention to detail, but really being able to tell difference from biological and plastic material was really difficult,” Byle said. “It made me think of how animals can tell the difference.” The samples collected on-board eventually go back to researchers around the world. The trip to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, for example, provided a wealth of data to scientists working on various ocean issues at the University of Hawaii, Colorado School of Mines, King’s College in London, the Vancouver Aquarium, and the awesomely-named BC Cetacean Sightings Network. Then there are the experiences that aren’t necessarily quantifiable in a spreadsheet or storable in a petri dish. Devine and Byle both told me their respective times aboard the Sea Dragon was transformative in terms of understanding science, their role in communicating it and their place in the world. “We can’t keep science in the labs,” Devine said. “What I hope these expeditions do [is increase] the accessibility factor. Everyone is an important witness.” As someone who makes packaging products that could very well end up in the ocean, Byle said the trip inspired her to do more to raise awareness and find solutions to reduce waste. And her memories will continue to remind her what’s at stake. “I remember saying to my watch crew ‘is this real. Are we really here?’ It was wild to see the horizon that was infinite and never ended.” Digital Trends via Gizmodo https://gizmodo.com October 24, 2018 at 10:21AM
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Trump's Take on Transgender Identity Makes No Scientific Sense https://ift.tt/2q6Nja6 What’s supposed to be simple is, you got a sperm and you got an egg—each one carrying roughly half the genes of the person who made it. They fuse. You get an embryo, and it’s destined to be male or female. So, not so simple. Sex (broadly, the biology of reproduction) and gender (broadly, one’s sense of self as masculine, feminine, neither, or both) fit neatly into precisely no strict definitions—unless, of course, you are making policy for the Trump Administration, which has for two years been trying to define gender identity out of civil rights protections. The binary distinction between two sexes that are also two genders has held throughout human history, goes this philosophy—a hard and fast (if that’s what you’re into) split. According to The New York Times this weekend, the US Department of Health and Human Services is planning on going even further. The agency is preparing a memo to be promulgated throughout the administration defining “sex” under Title IX, the civil rights law against gender discrimination in education, “on a biological basis that is clear, grounded in science, objective, and administratable.” Furthermore, the Times reported, that basis would be grounded in a person’s genitals at birth, with disputes resolved by genetic testing. “Sex means a person’s status as male or female based on immutable biological traits identifiable by or before birth,” the Times’ quote continued. “The sex listed on a person’s birth certificate, as originally issued, shall constitute definitive proof of a person’s sex unless rebutted by reliable genetic evidence.” It seems important to be clear at this juncture: That is not going to work. At all. Genes carried by a sperm and an egg are packaged into bundles called chromosomes, and depending on whether the sperm was ferrying one of a pair of chromosomes designated “X” or “Y,” the resulting embryo will develop with every cell carrying two Xs or an X and a Y. Generally--generally—XX means female, a woman, a vulva-and-ovaries-and-uterus haver. The XY means male, a penis-and-testes-and-prostate haver. It’s the circle of sex life. But a lot can happen on the road from embryogenesis to personhood. Sometimes the fusion of egg and sperm goes differently. People can be XXX, XXY, or XYY with no physiological indications. People can have some XX cells and some XY cells. Sometimes a person can be XX but have “male” physiognomy, or the other way ’round. Sometimes, to the tune of one in a hundred, a baby is born with genitalia that people in the room can’t agree on. In some cases physicians perform surgery on those children to assign a sex, and that sex doesn’t always align with how that person sees themself as an adult. The X chromosome has genes for making sperm! A gene called SRY triggers a complex developmental pathway that usually leads to a person being male, but not always! All sorts of nominal sex differences—size of various brain regions, hormone levels, socioemotional development, personality, affinities—work on average and fall apart upon closer statistical investigation. Basically no scientist who knows anything about this stuff subscribes to the idea of the strict “gender binary” anymore. Some adults—perhaps 2 million Americans, by one estimate--transition from one gender to another. Some adults feel altogether nonbinary, which is to say, they don’t identify as either fully masculine or feminine, completely apart from whatever their biology suggests. Are most people mostly one way? Sure. External genitals, internal genitals, sex chromosomes, ability to make a baby, levels of certain hormones—they’re all useful physiological markers of sex and gender, but they don’t say anything about social influences, and they ain’t the end of the story. “In a number of cases, these parameters are not going to be congruent with each other. They’re not going to be all male or all female,” says Eric Vilain, a pediatrician and geneticist at George Washington University who studies sex differentiation. “That’s the complexity of biology. There’s no one biological marker.” Sex and gender, am I right? We humans are blessed to live in a world of infinite variety. The Trump administration’s wish for scientific clarity is not going to come true. “What genetic test?” Vilain asks. “There is not one simple genetic test that says your sex is male or your sex is female.” Groups that represent trans people, nonbinary people, and intersex people immediately saw the problem. That new policy would expose them to even more harassment and discrimination than they already get, and essentially define them out of legal existence. It’s not the first attempt: The Trump administration withdrew an Obama-era guidance on the treatment of transgender students in school. The Department of Justice rescinded an earlier assessment that gender identity is covered under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which covers employment discrimination. Health and Human Services has indicated it wants to revise Section 1557, the civil rights piece of the Affordable Care Act. “What’s new about this memo is not only a reaffirmation of that position, but also the assertion that the government has the right to define what sex someone is based on narrow and constrained assessment that flies in the face of both the law and science about the nature of gender,” says Jocelyn Samuels, executive director of the Williams Institute at UCLA, which specializes in gender and the law. “It not only threatens transgender people but constitutes a real invasion of privacy for anyone.” A few states and cities have been trying to get out in front of this kind of redefinition. This year, New York City started allowing people to make a third choice other than “male” or “female” on their driver licenses, and adults or children with permission of their legal guardian can have their birth certificates revised to indicate the sex with which they identify rather than the one they were born with. “If someone has a birth certificate that has a gender marker not in harmony with how they’re presenting or how they identify, it outs them as trans to their employer, their health care provider,” says Ashe McGovern, director of the NYC Unity Project. Revising the birth certificate, they say, “gives trans and nonbinary people the autonomy and self-determination of when and how they come out to people who have significant control over their lives.” New York isn’t alone here. California, Maine, Oregon, Washington DC, and Washington State all have similar laws and protections against gender discrimination. Normally a change in federal policy wouldn’t preempt those laws—federal civil rights protections are typically considered to be a “floor” not a “ceiling” … unless the federal rules go totally in the other direction. Redefining gender identity as an unprotected category might constitute such a change. Nobody really knows yet. “Whether a court would say that a state law that allows people to change their birth certificates based on something other than their genitalia was more protective, I would argue that it was, but it might depend,” says Samuels, who used to run the US Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Civil Rights. Similarly, nobody knows whether compelling a genetic test, arguably without consent, would be a violation of the US Constitution’s 4th amendment protections against illegal search and seizure. “That would take a hell of a lot more analysis and study, but it certainly raises serious red flags to think that the government would subject someone to a genetic test before they could assert their rights to be free from harassment in school,” Samuels says. “The notion that the government will dictate someone is what it says on their birth certificate unless they show genetic evidence to the contrary is unprecedented.” Samuels says that existing law and precedent all lean toward accepting that gender identity, including trans, nonbinary, and intersex, is a category that can be protected under laws against sex discrimination. One recent court case says otherwise—a 2017 ruling out of a federal court in Texas found that it was OK to discriminate against transgender people getting healthcare on religious grounds. In these kinds of situations, where it’s unclear how state and federal law should be reconciled, or whether a federal law is constitutional, recourse is generally the courts. That’s true, too, in all the other states that don’t have specific civil rights protections based on gender identity. And those courts are changing. President Trump has appointed more than 80 federal judges. At least one analysis suggests that newly seated Supreme Court Justice Bart Kavanaugh has little interest in expanding 4th Amendment protections. A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Services called the Times’ story “misleading” and emailed the following: “The Obama administration’s broad definition of ‘sex’ was enjoined by a federal court on a nationwide basis in December 2016 and the Obama administration did not appeal. That court found that the Obama administration regulation was overbroad and inconsistent with the text of the 1972 Title IX law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex. The court order remains in full force and effect today and HHS is bound by it as we continue to review the issue. Everyone deserves to be treated with respect and HHS’s Office for Civil Rights will continue to vigorously enforce all laws as written and passed by Congress, prohibiting discrimination in healthcare on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, and disability.” The unprecedented part of the change in policy that the Times covered and HHS denies, then, is how that memo talks about science. This administration seems awfully concerned with biology as it might apply to race and sex, and yet utterly unconcerned by how it applies to, for example, air and water pollution or how a warming planet affects living things. In fields as disparate as drug approvals, environmental regulations, or determinations of mining rights, various agencies have evinced a desire to use only rigorous science to set policy—but then largely ignored that science where it was available or insisted that the science was solid when it wasn’t. (A notable outlier here is climate change, where the administration denies good science is available even though it is.) Of course, I can think of one way to convince oneself that the gender binary is settled science: Categorize everyone outside those boundaries as having a disorder, either mental or physical. If only binary gender is normal, everything else is a disorder—something to be “fixed” with surgery or electroshock or, I don’t know, gene therapy. The Trump Administration’s efforts to make gender identity something totally cool to discriminate against are an attempt to use medical pseudoscience as a cudgel against autonomy. The postmodernists of the 1980s were wrong about a lot, but when they said “the political is personal,” this is what they meant: policy as literal bloodsport. And it’s fundamentally weird, isn’t it? All of us build multiple identities on the internet free of physical limitation. We get told (lie or not) that nothing bounds our personal potential except psychological freight. Except, no no no, the particular conformations of our bodies are, in fact, destiny—and not even our whole bodies, just the shapes of the parts between our legs and maybe our upper chest. If those are your politics, reproduction, sex, and gender may well seem quite simple, after all. More Great WIRED StoriesDigital Trends via Wired https://ift.tt/2uc60ci October 24, 2018 at 10:15AM
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Facebook’s Ad Archive Report highlights top political spenders https://ift.tt/2yX7aww For obvious reasons, Facebook’s looking to up political advertising transparency ahead of the midterms. Back in May, the social network introduced Ad Archive, a searchable database of political ads in the U.S. It’s following up the feature with a new Ad Archive Report, a weekly snapshot of political spending. The survey offerings a breakdown of top spenders by campaign, including the amount spent and the number of ads run. The first report for ads on Facebook and Instagram from between May and October 20, shows a total of $256 million spent across 1.6 million ads. The number includes $12 million related to Facebook’s own election integrity and getting out the vote ads. Other than that, it probably won’t come as a surprise that Beto O’Rourke’s tooth and nail Texas fight leads the way. The Beto for Texas campaign has spent $5.3 million across just over six thousand ads in that period. Donald Trump’s “The Trump Make America Great Again Committee” is in second place at $1.9 million, while “Donald J. Trump for President, Inc.” is in eighth place at $1.6 million. That’s just behind the $1.7 million spent on Tom Steyer’s “Need to Impeach.” Those will no doubt see a boost as we head toward 2020. The archive houses ads reaching back to seven years. The site is also offering up an API for researchers to tap into the data. Digital Trends via TechCrunch https://techcrunch.com October 24, 2018 at 10:12AM
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Hear how Threads makes fashion social at Disrupt Berlin https://ift.tt/2qbQsFv TechCrunch Disrupt Berlin is right around the corner, and I’m excited to announce that we invited Threads founder Sophie Hill to talk about her innovative vision of luxury shopping. Threads is like nothing out there. It isn’t an e-commerce website with warehouses and and suppliers. It isn’t a marketplace website for second-hand luxury goods. It isn’t a marketplace website for other brands. In fact, it’s not a website at all. The startup combines a strong editorial strategy with a distribution method that is quite novel. You get recommendations through your favorite chat app on your phone. It works on services like WeChat, WhatsApp, Snapchat, Instagram and iMessage. On the other end of the conversation, you interact with human shopping assistants. This is what makes the experience so great. You don’t receive a newsletter, you don’t have to download an app. It integrates directly with apps that you were already using. This way, if you feel overwhelmed and think you’re falling behind on the fashion front, Threads is much more efficient. Chances are you often browse your conversation list anyway. Accessing Threads is just a tap away. And it’s working. The company recently raised a $20 million round and people spend $3,000 on average per shopping session. Big fashion houses, such as Dior, Fendi and Chopard started working with the startup. By adopting a WeChat-first approach, the company managed to attract quite a few Chinese customers in particular. But Threads currently has customers in over 100 countries. If you think you knew everything about e-commerce, come to Disrupt Berlin to listen to Hill’s novel strategy. The conference will take place on November 29-30 and you can buy your ticket right now. In addition to fireside chats and panels, like this one, new startups will participate in the Startup Battlefield Europe to win the highly coveted Battlefield cup. Sophie HillFounder, Threads Sophie is founder and CEO of Threads, with a mission to pioneer the best luxury shopping experience in the world. By leveraging social media and messaging platforms, Sophie has built a £multimillion global fashion tech business, and is setting the rules for a new form of consumer buying, called chat commerce. Threads joined Future Fifty in 2017 and is now in Tech Track 100 as owner of one of the UK’s fastest growing tech growth companies. In between doubling the size of the company in 2018, Sophie is also figuring out how to sell the first $1m diamond through whatsapp. Digital Trends via TechCrunch https://techcrunch.com October 24, 2018 at 10:01AM
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How Thomas Edison Used a Fake Electric Chair Execution Film to Fight the Electricity War https://ift.tt/2yXXDp5
DeathThis week Gizmodo explores death and deadly things, in all their forms—the physical, the digital, and the fantastical.
You’ve probably heard about Thomas Edison’s infamous 1903 film where he electrocuted an elephant. It’s just as horrifying as you’d imagine. But fewer people know that this wasn’t actually Edison’s first electrocution film. Two years earlier, in 1901, he produced a film re-enacting a famous execution. Perversely, it also served as a national advertisement for one of Edison’s latest inventions, the electric chair.
When the infamous Thomas Edison v. Nikola Tesla rivalry reemerged as a meme at the start of this decade, nearly everyone became acquainted with the poor elephant, Topsy. At the time, Edison’s direct current (DC) was responsible for a number of deaths and injuries as major cities like New York became electrified in the late 19th century; the most common incident being workers getting maimed while repairing and installing power lines. So to show that Tesla’s competing method of electricity delivery, alternating current (AC), was more dangerous than his direct current (DC) method, Edison came up with a disgusting public safety demonstration. Edison had an elephant electrocuted to death using Tesla’s AC power. It’s disturbing to watch, to say the least. While the 1903 Edison film inspired plenty of joke videos and pop culture references, fewer people here in the 21st century know about the execution of Leon Czolgosz. Czolgosz assassinated President William McKinley on September 6, 1901 at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York—the first assassination of a sitting American president since James Garfield in 1881 and Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Czolgosz, whose favorite book was reportedly a Polish translation of the 1888 socialist utopian sci-fi Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, is probably best described as an anarcho-socialist. His last words were, “I killed the president because he was the enemy of the good people—the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime. I am sorry I could not see my father.” He was beaten to a pulp after the Secret Service crowd descended on him, but he survived, and was executed just six weeks after McKinley succumbed to his own injuries. Today, few people have seen the film featuring a re-enactment of Czolgosz’s death, which was shown to Americans across the country in late 1901 and early 1902. I became aware of this morbid piece of history recently while I was researching movies at the turn of the 20th century. The Library of Congress holds the film, and has it available on its website.
The film starts with a panning shot of the actual exterior of the Auburn state prison where Czolgosz was executed on October 29, 1901. In the first interior shot we see the prison guards escorting the fake Leon Czolgosz out of his cell. The action cuts to the executioners playing around with light bulbs on top of the electric chair. The actor playing Czolgosz is strapped into the chair and gets quickly zapped three times with electricity, each time his body arching upward. The execution is all done in less than 30 seconds and the doctors quickly check for signs of life. They declare him dead. As Canadian professor Jean-Pierre Sirois-Trahan points out in an essay about the movie scene in 1900 and 1901, the re-enactment of Czolgosz’s death is “clean.” There’s no smoke coming from the body. It’s clean and efficient, unlike a real-life electrocution which involves the internal organs reaching temperatures above 200 degrees fahrenheit and the victim’s eyes sometimes melting. “Botched” executions with the electric chair are horrendous. And even the “successful” ones can be incredibly disturbing, which is why the electric chair has fallen out of fashion in the 21st century. The last American execution by electric chair took place in 2013 and the U.S. is the last remaining wealthy, advanced nation along with Japan to still execute people at all. In the faux-execution film, the audiences of the early 20th century got a glimpse of something that they’d never seen before. And for many people, it could’ve been the first time they’d seen a movie at all. Movies in the first decade of the 20th century weren’t mature quite yet. The industry was still on the fringes in many ways and there were few dedicated movie theaters. Most American movie screenings in 1901 took place in multi-use buildings like town halls or in vaudeville theaters and in so-called nickelodeons, permanent spaces where people could often watch movies one-at-a-time through a viewfinder. Open air shows were also popular, especially when rents were high. But motion pictures were rapidly becoming a popular medium nonetheless, as people were enthralled with short silent films covering virtually every genre we know today, including fantasy, horror, and drama. President William McKinley became the first president to ever appear on motion picture film in 1899 and Edison’s film crew, led by his friend and associate Edwin Porter, would make a handful of movies featuring McKinley while he was alive. But it was the execution of McKinley’s assassin, even in re-enacted form, that would bring one of the first macabre visions to early cinema, despite the fact that it wasn’t real. It wasn’t until the 1910s that controversies around the authenticity of films arose. Many still photographers who specialized in nature were excited by the prospect of being able to capture moving pictures of their furry and feathered subjects. But given the limitations of early movie technology—like film that needed a lot of light, and cameras that needed hefty stabilization rigs— capturing something exciting was often very difficult. Filmmakers often resorted to staging things like a ferocious lion being shot and hauled away in Africa. If the film was shot in Southern California with actors, who would be hurt if they didn’t know the difference? The real Czolgosz was dowsed with acid before he was buried, a sign of disrespect to smudge out a presidential assassin. And strangely, the short movie was a kind of celebration of this erasure. Audiences, even today, can’t tell that it’s not Czolgosz—a man who isn’t prominent in the history books like other presidential assassins like Abraham Lincoln’s killer John Wilkes Booth and John F. Kennedy’s killer, Lee Harvey Oswald. The film wasn’t just a celebration of death for a presidential assassin but also served as a national advertisement for a relatively new invention first devised by Harold P. Brown that was financed by Edison, the electric chair. But far from a “quick” death, as Edison promised, the real thing was more horrific. Edison, despite claiming to be personally against capital punishment, saw an opportunity to make his rivals George Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla look bad by employing the “dangerous” AC current in the electric chair. The first person executed using the electric chair was William Kemmler on August 6, 1890. Kemmler killed his partner with a hatchet and Westinghouse even paid for his lawyers not to save Kemmler’s life, but to keep AC power from being used to kill him, which was seen as potentially disastrous publicity. When news was made public of the cynical scheme to finance Kemmler’s defense not to save his life but to save face in world of science and invention, Westinghouse lied and denied that he was behind it. But Kemmler’s high-paid lawyers weren’t enough to save him from even the barbarism of the electric chair. He was electrocuted for roughly 17 seconds before they went to inspect him and found that he was still breathing. Witnesses in the room began to shout, “Great God, he is alive!” and “For God’s sake kill him and have it over,” as the room descended into chaos. They gave him another four straight minutes of electricity. Kemmler’s blood vessels burst and his skin was scorched, creating an “unbearable” stench in the room. Onlookers reportedly said that they could’ve “done a better job with an ax,” a dark reference to Kemmler’s crime. The New York Times headline the following day said it all: “Far Worse than Hanging: Kemmler’s Death Proves an Awful Spectacle.” Czolgosz’s death wasn’t quite as chaotic as Kemmler’s but probably no less excruciating for the man receiving the shocks. He was jolted three times for roughly 2.5 minutes—far longer than the less than 30 seconds of electricity that we see in Edison’s film. The autopsy performed on Czolgosz after his death revealed no abnormalities in the brain, something that some who said the assassin must be crazy expected to see. By 1913, fifteen states had made the electric chair their primary method of execution. This new technology was seen as more humane than the old fashioned and “barbaric” method of hanging. It’s possible the use of an electric chair wouldn’t have caught on, if Edison’s film had been realistic. People watching Edison’s execution film probably had no idea whether what they were watching was the real thing or not. And the filmmakers didn’t really care. Back in 1901, the definition between real documentary footage and staged acting wasn’t really important. It was simply amazing that they were seeing anything at all. Digital Trends via Gizmodo https://gizmodo.com October 24, 2018 at 09:57AM |
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